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ARX

Chr Xp21.3

aristaless related homeobox

Aliases:
ISSX, CT121, EIEE1
MANE:
ENST00000379044.5

Annotations refreshed 1 month ago.

Predicted protein structure

Clinical relevance (Genomics England PanelApp)

Diagnostic Grade (Green)

  • Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder

    X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
  • DDG2P

    X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
  • Differences in sex development

    X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
  • Early onset dystonia

    X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
  • Early onset or syndromic epilepsy

    X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
  • Fetal anomalies

    X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
  • Intellectual disability

    X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
  • Intestinal failure or congenital diarrhoea

    X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)

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Disease associations (Open Targets)

  • X-linked lissencephaly with abnormal genitalia

    0.81
  • Spasticity - intellectual disability - X-linked epilepsy

    0.80
  • developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 1

    0.79
  • Partington syndrome

    0.77
  • intellectual disability, X-linked, with or without seizures, ARX-related

    0.76
  • corpus callosum agenesis-abnormal genitalia syndrome

    0.76
  • X-linked non-syndromic intellectual disability

    0.71
  • X-linked spasticity-intellectual disability-epilepsy syndrome

    0.62
  • genetic developmental and epileptic encephalopathy

    0.61
  • hereditary disease

    0.52

Score is the Open Targets composite evidence score (0-1). Higher = stronger gene-disease association.

Protein function (UniProt)

Homeobox protein ARX

DNA-binding transcription factor that plays a central role in the differentiation and development of type A pancreatic cells, which are located in the islets of Langerhans and secrete glucagon (By similarity). Binds to specific sequence motif 5'-TAATTA-3' in regulatory elements of target genes (PubMed:22194193, PubMed:31691806). Also plays a key role in intestinal enteroendocrine cell differentiation by promoting differentiation of intestinal enteroendocrine cell types L, -N, -D, -I and -G (PubMed:37883554). Required for normal brain development: plays a role in neuronal proliferation, interneuronal migration and differentiation in the embryonic forebrain (PubMed:11889467, PubMed:12379852, PubMed:14722918). May also be involved in axonal guidance in the floor plate (By similarity). Promotes expression of transcription of KDM5C (PubMed:31691806). Activates expression of KDM5C synergistically with histone lysine demethylase PHF8 and perhaps in competition with transcription regulator ZNF711; synergy may be related to enrichment of histone H3K4me3 in regulatory elements (PubMed:31691806)

Data sources: HGNC (CC BY 4.0), AlphaFold (CC BY 4.0, Jumper et al. Nature 2021), Genomics England PanelApp (CC BY 4.0), ClinGen, Open Targets (CC0), UniProt.

Not for sole clinical decision-making. Always verify against primary sources.