HADHA

Chr 2p23.3

hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit alpha

Aliases:: GBP, LCEH, LCHAD, MTPA
MANE:: ENST00000380649.8

OMIM: 600890 ↗NCBI: 3030 ↗Ensembl ↗

Annotations refreshed 1 month ago.

Predicted protein structure

AlphaFold predicted structure

HADHA · P40939

v62025-08-01

Predicted Aligned Error matrix for HADHA — diagonal shows residue index, colour shows pairwise prediction confidence (lower is better) — Predicted Aligned Error

Mean pLDDT

92.4/ 100

Very high

763 residues

Confidence breakdown

Very high(≥ 90)87%
Confident(70–90)8%
Low(50–70)0%
Very low(< 50)5%

Open interactive 3D viewer

AlphaFold (Jumper et al., 2021) · CC BY 4.0

Clinical relevance (Genomics England PanelApp)

Diagnostic Grade (Green)

Acute rhabdomyolysis
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Cholestasis
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
DDG2P
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Hereditary neuropathy
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Hereditary neuropathy or pain disorder
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Hyperammonaemia
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Intellectual disability
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal

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Disease associations (Open Targets)

long chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
0.83
mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency
0.76
mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency 1
0.75
hereditary disease
0.47
neurodegenerative disease
0.39
metabolic disease
0.34
cervical carcinoma
0.32
Seckel syndrome 6
0.12
hepatocellular carcinoma
0.09
ovarian cancer
0.09

Score is the Open Targets composite evidence score (0-1). Higher = stronger gene-disease association.

Protein function (UniProt)

Trifunctional enzyme subunit alpha, mitochondrial

Mitochondrial trifunctional enzyme catalyzes the last three of the four reactions of the mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway (PubMed:1550553, PubMed:29915090, PubMed:30850536, PubMed:8135828, PubMed:31604922). The mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway is the major energy-producing process in tissues and is performed through cycles of four consecutive reactions (PubMed:29915090). Each beta-oxidation cycle shortens the fatty acyl-CoA by two carbons, yielding one acetyl-CoA (for the citric acid cycle), one FADH(2), and one NADH (which donate electrons to the respiratory chain for ATP production) (PubMed:29915090). These cycles repeat until the chain is fully degraded to acetyl-CoA units (PubMed:29915090). Among the enzymes involved in this pathway, the trifunctional protein--responsible for the hydration, dehydrogenation, and thiolysis steps, shows specificity for long-chain fatty acids, such as those from dietary and stored fats (PubMed:30850536, PubMed:31604922). Mitochondrial trifunctional enzyme is a heterotetrameric complex composed of two proteins, the trifunctional enzyme subunit alpha/HADHA described here carries the 2,3-enoyl-CoA hydratase and the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities while the trifunctional enzyme subunit beta/HADHB bears the 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase activity (Probable) (PubMed:29915090, PubMed:30850536, PubMed:8135828). These activities have been experimentally confirmed on a few substrates derived from beta-oxidation of long-chain saturated fatty acids such as palmitate (hexadecanoate) and laurate (dodecanoate) (PubMed:1550553, PubMed:8135828, PubMed:8163672, PubMed:8651282). In addition, based on its established catalytic mechanism, and combined genetic interaction or mutant phenotype evidence, it is predicted to act also on other substrates, including long-chain unsaturated fatty acids such as oleate (9Z-octadecenoate), linoleate (9Z,12Z-octadecadienoate), linolenate (9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoate), and others (Probable) (PubMed:26474213). Independently of subunit beta, HADHA also exhibits a cardiolipin acyltransferase activity that participates in cardiolipin remodeling; cardiolipin is a major mitochondrial membrane phospholipid (PubMed:23152787, PubMed:31604922). HADHA may act downstream of Tafazzin/TAZ, that remodels monolysocardiolipin (MLCL) to a cardiolipin intermediate, and then HADHA may continue to remodel this species into mature tetralinoleoyl-cardiolipin (PubMed:31604922). Has also been proposed to act directly on MLCL; capable of acylating MLCL using different acyl-CoA substrates, with highest activity for oleoyl-CoA (PubMed:23152787)