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HK1

Chr 10q22.1

hexokinase 1

Aliases:
HKI
MANE:
ENST00000359426.7

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Predicted protein structure

Clinical relevance (Genomics England PanelApp)

Diagnostic Grade (Green)

  • Congenital hyperinsulinism

    MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
  • Cytopenias and congenital anaemias

    BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
  • DDG2P

    MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
  • Fetal anomalies

    BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
  • Hereditary neuropathy

    BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
  • Hereditary neuropathy or pain disorder

    BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
  • Intellectual disability

    MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
  • Optic neuropathy

    MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted

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Disease associations (Open Targets)

  • neurodevelopmental disorder with visual defects and brain anomalies

    0.76
  • non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia due to hexokinase deficiency

    0.75
  • Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4G

    0.71
  • retinitis pigmentosa 79

    0.60
  • retinitis pigmentosa

    0.50
  • Retinal dystrophy

    0.48
  • diabetes mellitus

    0.42
  • type 2 diabetes mellitus

    0.39
  • hereditary disease

    0.38
  • congenital isolated hyperinsulinism

    0.37

Score is the Open Targets composite evidence score (0-1). Higher = stronger gene-disease association.

Protein function (UniProt)

Hexokinase-1

Catalyzes the phosphorylation of various hexoses, such as D-glucose, D-glucosamine, D-fructose, D-mannose and 2-deoxy-D-glucose, to hexose 6-phosphate (D-glucose 6-phosphate, D-glucosamine 6-phosphate, D-fructose 6-phosphate, D-mannose 6-phosphate and 2-deoxy-D-glucose 6-phosphate, respectively) (PubMed:1637300, PubMed:25316723, PubMed:27374331). Does not phosphorylate N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (PubMed:27374331). Mediates the initial step of glycolysis by catalyzing phosphorylation of D-glucose to D-glucose 6-phosphate (By similarity). Involved in innate immunity and inflammation by acting as a pattern recognition receptor for bacterial peptidoglycan (PubMed:27374331). When released in the cytosol, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine component of bacterial peptidoglycan inhibits the hexokinase activity of HK1 and causes its dissociation from mitochondrial outer membrane, thereby activating the NLRP3 inflammasome (PubMed:27374331)

Data sources: HGNC (CC BY 4.0), AlphaFold (CC BY 4.0, Jumper et al. Nature 2021), Genomics England PanelApp (CC BY 4.0), ClinGen, Open Targets (CC0), UniProt.

Not for sole clinical decision-making. Always verify against primary sources.