IL9

Chr 5q31.1

interleukin 9

Aliases:: IL-9, HP40, P40
MANE:: ENST00000274520.2

OMIM: 146931 ↗NCBI: 3578 ↗Ensembl ↗

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Predicted protein structure

AlphaFold predicted structure

IL9 · P15248

v62025-08-01

Predicted Aligned Error matrix for IL9 — diagonal shows residue index, colour shows pairwise prediction confidence (lower is better) — Predicted Aligned Error

Mean pLDDT

84.1/ 100

Confident

144 residues

Confidence breakdown

Very high(≥ 90)45%
Confident(70–90)37%
Low(50–70)16%
Very low(< 50)2%

Open interactive 3D viewer

AlphaFold (Jumper et al., 2021) · CC BY 4.0

Clinical relevance (Genomics England PanelApp)

Moderate Evidence (Amber)

COVID-19 research
Unknown

Disease associations (Open Targets)

neurodegenerative disease
0.40
Sjogren syndrome
0.28
intestinal impaction
0.22
asthma
0.13
neoplasm
0.12
rheumatoid arthritis
0.11
infection
0.11
systemic lupus erythematosus
0.11
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia
0.11
systemic sclerosis
0.10

Score is the Open Targets composite evidence score (0-1). Higher = stronger gene-disease association.

Protein function (UniProt)

Interleukin-9

Multifunctional cytokine secreted mainly by T-helper 2 lymphocytes and also mast cells or NKT cells that plays important roles in the immune response against parasites (PubMed:29742432). Affects intestinal epithelial permeability and adaptive immunity (PubMed:29742432). In addition, induces the differentiation of specific T-cell subsets such as IL-17 producing helper T-cells (TH17) and also proliferation and differentiation of mast cells. Mechanistically, exerts its biological effects through a receptor composed of IL9R subunit and a signal transducing subunit IL2RG. Receptor stimulation results in the rapid activation of JAK1 and JAK3 kinase activities leading to STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5-mediated transcriptional programs. Induction of differentiation genes seems to be mediated by STAT1 alone, while protection of cells from apoptosis depends on STAT3 and STAT5