PINK1

Chr 1p36.12

PTEN induced kinase 1

Aliases:: BRPK
MANE:: ENST00000321556.5

OMIM: 608309 ↗NCBI: 65018 ↗Ensembl ↗

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Predicted protein structure

AlphaFold predicted structure

PINK1 · Q9BXM7

v62025-08-01

Predicted Aligned Error matrix for PINK1 — diagonal shows residue index, colour shows pairwise prediction confidence (lower is better) — Predicted Aligned Error

Mean pLDDT

77.3/ 100

Confident

581 residues

Confidence breakdown

Very high(≥ 90)52%
Confident(70–90)17%
Low(50–70)12%
Very low(< 50)19%

Open interactive 3D viewer

AlphaFold (Jumper et al., 2021) · CC BY 4.0

Clinical relevance (Genomics England PanelApp)

Diagnostic Grade (Green)

Adult onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Adult onset neurodegenerative disorder
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Early onset dystonia
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Likely inborn error of metabolism
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Parkinson Disease and Complex Parkinsonism
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Undiagnosed metabolic disorders
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Intellectual disability
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal

Disease associations (Open Targets)

Young adult-onset Parkinsonism
0.84
Parkinson disease 6
0.60
Dystonia
0.51
Parkinson disease
0.42
young-onset Parkinson disease
0.37
hereditary disease
0.19
late-onset Parkinson disease
0.15
neuroblastoma
0.14
Hereditary late-onset Parkinson disease
0.14
hepatocellular carcinoma
0.11

Score is the Open Targets composite evidence score (0-1). Higher = stronger gene-disease association.

Protein function (UniProt)

Serine/threonine-protein kinase PINK1, mitochondrial

Serine/threonine-protein kinase which acts as a sensor of mitochondrial damage and protects against mitochondrial dysfunction during cellular stress (PubMed:40080546). It phosphorylates mitochondrial proteins to coordinate mitochondrial quality control mechanisms that remove and replace dysfunctional mitochondrial components (PubMed:14607334, PubMed:15087508, PubMed:18443288, PubMed:18957282, PubMed:19229105, PubMed:19966284, PubMed:20404107, PubMed:20547144, PubMed:20798600, PubMed:22396657, PubMed:23620051, PubMed:23754282, PubMed:23933751, PubMed:24660806, PubMed:24751536, PubMed:24784582, PubMed:24896179, PubMed:24898855, PubMed:25527291, PubMed:32484300). In healthy mitochondria, PINK1 is translocated across the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) via the translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) complex, and inserted into the mitochondrial inner membrane (MIM) via the translocase of the inner membrane (TIM23) complex where it is cleaved and released into the cytosol (PubMed:40080546). Depending on the severity of mitochondrial damage, activity ranges from preventing apoptosis and stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis to eliminating severely damaged mitochondria via PINK1-PRKN-dependent mitophagy (PubMed:14607334, PubMed:15087508, PubMed:18443288, PubMed:19966284, PubMed:20404107, PubMed:20798600, PubMed:22396657, PubMed:23620051, PubMed:23933751, PubMed:24898855, PubMed:32047033, PubMed:32484300). When cellular stress results in irreversible mitochondrial damage, PINK1 accumulates at the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) where it phosphorylates pre-existing polyubiquitin chains at 'Ser-65', recruits PRKN from the cytosol to the OMM and activates PRKN by phosphorylation at 'Ser-65'; activated PRKN then ubiquitinates VDAC1 and other OMM proteins to initiate mitophagy (PubMed:14607334, PubMed:15087508, PubMed:19966284, PubMed:20404107, PubMed:20798600, PubMed:23754282, PubMed:23933751, PubMed:24660806, PubMed:24751536, PubMed:24784582, PubMed:25474007, PubMed:25527291, PubMed:32047033, PubMed:40080546). The PINK1-PRKN pathway also promotes fission of damaged mitochondria through phosphorylation and PRKN-dependent degradation of mitochondrial proteins involved in fission such as MFN2 (PubMed:18443288, PubMed:23620051, PubMed:24898855). This prevents the refusion of unhealthy mitochondria with the mitochondrial network or initiates mitochondrial fragmentation facilitating their later engulfment by autophagosomes (PubMed:18443288, PubMed:23620051). Also promotes mitochondrial fission independently of PRKN and ATG7-mediated mitophagy, via the phosphorylation and activation of DNM1L (PubMed:18443288, PubMed:32484300). Regulates motility of damaged mitochondria by promoting the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of MIRO1 and MIRO2; in motor neurons, this likely inhibits mitochondrial intracellular anterograde transport along the axons which probably increases the chance of the mitochondria undergoing mitophagy in the soma (PubMed:22396657). Required for ubiquinone reduction by mitochondrial complex I by mediating phosphorylation of complex I subunit NDUFA10 (By similarity). Phosphorylates LETM1, positively regulating its mitochondrial calcium transport activity (PubMed:29123128)